中文摘要
基于农业科技创新视角的吉林省农村金融发展研究
2012年2月中央一号文件连续第九年聚焦“三农”,并且首次提出把农业科技放在战略性重要部署地位。农业根本的出路在于科技,科技兴农,科教富农已经成为我国发展现代化农业必经之路。转变农业发展方式、保障粮食安全、推动农村经济可持续发展、提升农民收入稳步、积极建设富裕新农村等,必须依靠科学实现创新驱动,内生增长。科学技术转化成生产力的在于是否能将科技推广让广大农民群众获得科技带来的成果。而现代科技发展,关键是把农起来业科技、现代金融和培养科技型农民结合,统筹兼顾走稳健可持续的科技富农政策。
吉林省近几年来在农村经济中取得突飞猛进的发展,农业科技创新进一步加大投入力度,粮食生产连年稳步增产,农民收入有明显提高,农村繁荣发展,农产品深加工已经成为吉林省继汽车、石化第三大产业支柱。农业科技发展势必推动向现代化农业转型,这需要与其相适应的农业金融体系作为支撑,农业金融在农业科技创新中扮演了至关重要的角色。大力推进农业金融体制改革和创新,必须加快构建适应“三农”的多层次、广覆盖、可持续的农村综合金融服务平台系统。加快农业金融发展,反哺农业科技推广,振兴农业、繁荣农村、富裕农民。
此文通过对中央文件、地方政策的学习研究,介于对国内外农村金融现状的研究和分析,结合吉林省农业金融、农业科技创新现状的进行对比、借鉴。对吉林省农村金融滞后、金融体制、金融市场、金融工具、金融机构和农业经济发展、农业产业结构调整不匹配的问题进行深入研究,探索一条适合吉林省农业科技创新发展的农村金融改革的新道路。整合资源、优化资源配置、增强金融工具创新、拓宽金融渠道、完善金融制度、构建金融体系,一方面立足于并满足农村金融的需要,充分地做到金融支持科技创新,科技创新推动农村金融改革。另一方面,最大限度规避农村金融风险,提高农业科技创新转化为生产力的能力、盈利能力和竞争能力,从而提高吉林省作为农业大省的综合能力,让科技缔造生产力,让生产力转化成内生动力。在此研究过程中,我们更深刻地认识到吉林省农业金融体系的发展更应该走金融资源整合、信息透明、服务全面、层次明晰、产品完备的综合金融服务保障融资体系的道路。农村金融体系的完善和改革必然推动农业科技推广、农业协调发展、农民创富增收、农村欣欣向荣。基于吉林省农业科技发展需求,针对不同主体的保障和融资需求构建有针对性、合理性、适应性强的模型是吉林省农业金融全面发展的必然选择。
本文分成六个部分进行论述:
第一部分,绪论,指出本文研究背景和研究意义,研究现状,对文章的研究方法及思路进行了详细的阐述,并对文章的创新点、文章内容及框架进行充分展示。
第二部分,对金融服务于农业科技创新的相关基础理论进行详细的说明。界定农业科技创新界限和深刻内涵。对农业科技创新主体进行分类阐述,基于不同主体不同的自身特点,提出普遍意义上的农业金融值得方式和分类,完善农业金融保障融资平台,大力推进农业科技与农村经济结合。
第三部分,对发达国家、发展中国家及我国优秀农村金融模式进行研究,借鉴国内外的农村金融改革经验,各国各地区根据本国不同的国情采取了不同金融策略。
第四部分,对吉林省农业科技、农村科技融资需求缺口的现状、特点、不足进行研究,找出现在吉林省存在问题和不足,对其进行分析和研究。
第五部分,针对吉林省农业科技创新主体不同构建的金融保障融资模型,找出农村金融和农业科技创新相结合的方式和所需的金融环境,构建多层次综合金融服务融资平台体系,通过保障、担保、融资“三位一体”推进农村金融系统全面升级,打造农村科技融资的“绿色通道”,并且找出合适吉林省农村金融改革和创新的新模式,使农村金融创新和农村科技创新相结合,推动吉林农业大省的崛起和腾飞。
第六部分,结论部分,对研究结果进行梳理和总结并且对提出的建议进行整理综述。
关健词:
农业金融,农业科技创新,农业综合金融服务平台模型,
金融工具
Abstract
Research on the Development of Rural Finance Based on
Agriculture Technology Innovation in JiLin Province
It was the ninth time continuously when Central NO.1 Document focused on “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” in Feb. 2012. And it was the first time that agriculture technology came to a fatal strategic position. The ultimate solution for agriculture lies in technology, and science and education rich peasants have already become an inevitable way of developing Chinese modernizing agriculture.What’s more, we must rely on technology to accomplish innovation-driven and endogenous growth, such as, convert the agriculture development pattern, assure food safety, promote sustainable economic development of agriculture economy, steadily increase peasants’ income, actively construct new reach rural area, and so on. While, the key point whether technology can turn into productivity lies in if technology promoting can bring mass peasants a fruitful achievements or not.As for modern science development, the most important thing is we should combine agriculture technology, modern finance mode, and cultivate scientific peasants together, while promoting sustainable farmers policy steadily and sustainable under consideration.
In recent years, Jilin province has achieved development boom in rural economy. For example, it raise further investments on agriculture technology innovation, and its food production increases for years on end, its peasants’ income is boosted obviously, its rural area thrives, and deep processing of agriculture products has come into the third economy brace besides auto and petrochemical industry. As the agriculture technology develops, the agriculture modernizing is imperative. And at the same time, a moderate agriculture monetary system should play a vital role in the innovation of agriculture technology as a sustainment. In order to give great impetus to the reform and innovation of monetary system, we must accelerate the speed of constructing a “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” suitable , wide-spread , and sustainable integrated One-Stop rural monetary service system platform.Only in this way can we promote the agriculture monetary development in order to support the promotion of agriculture technology, and achieve agriculture thrive, rural area development and peasant wealthy.
This thesis is for the purpose to show a new probable way of rural monetary reform that can apply to the new steps made in agriculture technology development, basing on a laggard rural finance development including behindhand monetary system, financial market, financial instruments, and financial institutions. In order to write this thesis, I have studied the central & local policies, and compared domestic & abroad agriculture monetary situations carefully after taking the situations of Jilin agriculture finance and agriculture technology innovation into consideration. On one aspect, we should respect the needs of rural finance, then support technology innovation with new finance system, and accelerate the reform of rural finance in order to integrate resources, optimize allocation of resources, innovate financial instruments, broaden financial channels, consummate financial institution, and build new financial system.And on the other aspect, we should try our best to avoid unnecessary risks in rural finance, and enhance the profitability, competitive ability and the ability of agriculture technology innovation converting into productivity.Through this research, we will have a deeper view on the way which Jilin take in order to build a financial resources integrated, information transparent, service entire, layer clear, and product self-contained One-Stop integrated financing system. Besides, the perfection and reform of rural financial system will promote agriculture technology spread, agriculture harmonious develop, peasants income increase, and rural areas thrive for sure.And based on the demands calling for by Jilin agriculture technology development, it is the inevitable choice to build a pertinent, reasonable, and adaptable mode with respecting the financing and assurance demands of different entities.
This article is divided into six parts to discuss:
The first part, introduction, pointed out this article research background and research significance, research status, research methods and ideas of the article has carried on the detailed elaboration, and the article's innovation point, content and framework of show.
The second part, the related basic theory of financial services in agricultural science and technology innovation in detail. Define boundaries and profound connotation of agricultural science and technology innovation. Classifying agricultural science and technology innovation main body, based on the characteristics of different subjects, common sense way of agricultural financial worth and classification, the perfect agricultural financial security financing platform, vigorously promote agricultural science and technology combined with the rural economy.
The third part, the developed countries, developing countries and our country outstanding rural financial model is studied, using the experience of rural financial reform at home and abroad, in various countries and various areas according to their different national conditions adopted different financial strategies.
The fourth part, to the Jilin province agricultural science and technology, the status, characteristics of rural financing demand gap of science and technology, insufficient research, find out problems and deficiencies in Jilin province now, carries on the analysis and research.
The fifth part, in view of the Jilin province agricultural science and technology innovation main body different build financial security financing model, find out the rural financial and combination of agricultural science and technology innovation and the financial environment, build multi-level comprehensive financial "one-stop" service system of financing platform, by security, guarantees, financing "trinity" to promote the rural financial system overall upgrade, build rural financing "green channel" of science and technology, and find new mode of Jilin province rural financial reform and innovation, make the rural financial innovation and the combination of rural scientific and technological innovation, promote the rise of Jilin agricultural province and take off.
Sixth part, conclusion part, the research results are combed and summarized and Suggestions for finishing.
Keywords:
Agriculture Finance ,Financial Instruments,The Model of Integrated Agriculture Financial Service Platform, Agriculture Technology Innovation
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及选题意义 1
1.2 研究现状 2
1.3 研究方法及研究思路 4
1.4 研究创新点 5
1.5 研究内容及研究框架 5
第2章 金融服务于农业科技创新基本理论 7
2.1 农业科技创新基本概念 7
2.2 农业科技创新主体 9
2.3 金融支持农业科技方式 10
第3章 国内外农业金融现状 14
3.1国外农业金融现状 14
3.2国内农业金融现状 17
第4章 吉林省农业金融现状 21
4.1吉林省农业现状分析 21
4.2 吉林省农业科技创新现状 22
4.3 吉林省示范园--长春农博园 23
4.4 龙头企业在农业科技发展中地位 25
第5章 吉林省农业科技融资需求分析 26
5.1 吉林省农业金融现状 26
5.2 吉林省农业金融需求分析 28
5.3 农村金融服务针对“三农”融资难的主要原因 30
第6章 吉林省农业科技金融支持存在问题 31
6.1银行在农业科技创新金融中存在问题 31
6.2 证券在农业科技创新金融中存在问题 32
6.3 担保在农业科技创新金融中存在问题 33
6.4 保险在农业科技创新金融中存在问题 33
第7章 农业综合金融服务平台模型 35
7.1农业融资综合服务平台基本原理 35
7.2 示范园——农户金融服务模型 38
7.3 示范园——龙头企业金融服务模型 42
7.4 科技型中小企业——农户金融服务模型 46
7.5 科技型企业—示范园—农户金融服务模型 49
结 论 52
参考文献 54
作者简介及在学期间所得的科研成果 57
后记和致谢 58
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究背景及选题意义
2012年2月中央一号文件连续第九年聚焦“三农”问题,并首次进行全面重大部署农业科技,文件强调把农业科技摆在更加突出地位,明确指出坚持走科教兴农、科技富农道路,建设有中国特色的社会主义科技型新农村,走可持续稳健的农业发展道路,并持续加大农业科技投入,推动农业科技跨越发展。农业的根本出路在于科技,农业科技在农业发展中占据举足轻重的地位。转变农业发展方式、保障粮食安全、推动农村经济持续发展,必须依靠科技实现创新驱动、内生增长。农业科技是否能转化为生产力,关键在于及时地把技术送到更广大农民手里。依靠科技发展现代农业,关键是把农业科技、现代金融和培养科技型农民结合起来,才能统筹兼顾走可持续稳健的科技富农战略,实现新农村建设的远大目标。
近五年来,吉林省农业农村经济发展取得了令人瞩目的成果,农业科技创新力度进一步加大,推进农业经济发展的工业化、城镇化、农业现代化进程,农村发展有了新突破、跃上新台阶。近年来,粮食生产连年稳步增产,农民收入有明显提升,农村繁荣发展,农产品深加工已经成为吉林省继汽车、石化第三大产业支柱。但从长远看,吉林省农业的发展还存在着诸多问题,农业生产效率不高,农业科技推广普及的深度和广度不高,科技含量较低。农业科技发展势必推进向现代农业转变,同时需要有与其相适应的农业金融体系作为支撑。在这过程中,农业金融在农业科技创新中扮演了至关重要的角色。
吉林省农村金融由于长期以来的制度约束和定位异化,导致农村金融未能实现“三农”发展目标,农村金融资源流失,给农村社会发展带来了严重的负面影响。并且在金融市场上,基本侧重于信贷资金的借贷,但是农村保险发展举步维艰,证券、信托和租赁等领域的开发缺位严重,金融服务方式内容单一,尤其是边远乡镇金融服务缺失,农村资本市场发展相对滞后,对农业科技创新投入资金严重不足,极大地制约了农业及农业科技的发展。如何尽快转变这种不利局面,为农业科技创新提供更高质量、高效率的金融服务,更好地满足农村多样化、差异化、多层次化的金融需求,扩大农村金融规模,是吉林省农村金融面临的重要课题,也是吉林省推进农业科技创新的重要举措。大力推进农村金融体制改革和创新,必须加快构建适应“三农”的多层次、广覆盖、可持续的农村综合金融服务平台系统。加快农业金融的发展,反哺农业科技推广,振兴农业、繁荣农村、富裕农民。
此次通过对中央文件、地方政策研究,介于对国内外各国农村金融经验对比分析,促进吉林省建立起一套推进农村金融服务于农业科技创新的综合农业金融体系。对吉林省农村金融的滞后和金融体制、金融市场、金融工具、金融机构和农业经济发展、农业产业结构调整不匹配的问题进行深入研究,探索一条适合吉林省农业科技创新发展的农村金融改革的新道路。整合资源、优化资源配置、增强金融工具创新、拓宽金融渠道、完善金融制度、构建金融体系。
一方面立足于并满足农村金融的需要,充分地做到金融支持科技创新,科技创新推动农村金融改革。另一方面,最大限度规避农村金融风险,提高农业科技创新转化为生产力的能力、盈利能力和竞争能力,从而提高吉林省作为农业大省的综合能力,让科技缔造生产力,让生产力转化成内生动力。在此研究过程中,我们更深刻地认识到吉林省农业金融体系的发展更应该走金融资源整合、信息透明、服务全面、层次明晰、产品完备的综合农业金融服务保障融资体系的道路。农村金融体系的完善和改革必然推动农业科技推广、农业协调发展、农民创富增收、农村欣欣向荣。基于吉林省农业科技发展需求,针对不同经济主体的保障和融资需求构建有针对性、合理性、适应性强的模型是吉林省农业金融全面发展的必然选择。